One of the works that best defines the practice of the Portuguese artist Jos. Maçãs de Carvalho is To President (Drinking Version), 2005–2008. This is a video that manipulates a well-known sequence from the 1957 film The Prince and the Showgirl, set in 1911, in which the character portrayed by Marilyn Monroe toasts then-president William Howard Taft. Maçãs de Carvalho altered the clip in which Monroe murmurs the phrase “To President Taft” as she raises a glass of champagne; the action repeats itself endlessly as the subtitles replace Taft’s name with those of contemporary political leaders