In 1942, painter Henryk Streng destroyed his identity documents, acquiring papers under the name Marek Włodarski, which he maintained for the rest of his life. In hiding in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine), over the next two years, he scraped the signature with his Jewish name from numerous canvases, which Janina Brosch, his future wife—and a member of the Polish underground resistance—regularly transported to her family home. Piotr Słodkowski, the curator of “Henryk Streng/Marek Włodarski and Jewish-Polish Modernism,” discovered the erased signatures in 2017 via infrared photography,