In her 2014 essay “Infrared Dreams in Times of Transparency,” Vika Kirchenbauer argued that the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles such as medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) drones may render drone operators “much closer to their ‘targets’ than any ground combat soldier.” Although modern warfare is frequently portrayed as incisively asymmetrical, advanced information technology exposes personnel to the encumbering experience of effecting and witnessing air strikes while simultaneously remaining physically detached in an operational environment that has been repeatedly likened to a